DICTIONARIES

BIBLIOGRAPHIES

THE QUESTION OF WESTERN SAHARA

English

1983

• Western Sahara: The Roots of a Desert War, Hodges Tony, Lawrence Hill & Co, Publ., 520 Riverside Av., Westport, Connecticut 06880, 1983, 388 p.
• Conflict in Northwest Africa: The Western Sahara Dispute, Damis John, Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, Stanford, Cal., 1983, 190 p.

1985

• Conflict in Western Sahara: A Study of the POLISARIO as an Insurgency Movement, Hacene-Djaballah Belkacem, Ph.D dissertation, University Microfilms International. Ann Arbor: Michigan, Dissertation No. 3058, 1985.

1992

• War and Refugees: The Western Sahara Conflict (second edition), Lawless Richard and Laila Monahan, eds., F. Pinter Publ., Ltd, 25 Floral Str., London WC2E 9DS; New York, 1992, 280 p.
• The Absence of War and Peace in the Western Sahara, Chopra Jarat, Testimony before the Committee on Foreign Relations of the United States Senate, Subcommittee on African Affairs, Hearing on UN Peacekeeping in Africa: The Western Sahara and Somalia, 1 Oct. 1992, 32 p.
• Statement regarding the issue of the Western Sahara before the Fourth Committee of the UN General Assembly, Chopra Jarat. 19 0ctober 1992.
• Statement by Senator Edward M. Kennedy at the Committee on Foreign Relations of the United States Senate, Subcommittee on African Affairs, Hearing on "UN Peacekeeping in Africa: The Western Sahara and Somalia", 1 Oct. 1992, 6 p.

1993

• International Dimensions of the Western Sahara Conflict, Zoubir Yahia H., Daniel Volman, eds., Praeger, Westport Conn.; London, 1993, 258 p.
• Western Sahara. Fact-finding Mission Report, July 8-16, 1993, International Republican Institute, Washington, D.C.1993, 25 p.
• Statement regarding the issue of the Western Sahara before the Fourth Committee of the UN General Assembly, Chopra Jarat, 14 October 1993.
• «The New World Order and the Case of the Western Sahara: US Foreign Policy in Transition», Zoubir Yahia H. and D. Volman, Mediterranean Quarterly 4(2), 1993, p. 108-120.

1994

• Morocco versus Polisario: a Political Interpretation, Pazzanita Anthony G., The Journal of Modern African Studies, 32, 2, 1994, p. 265-278.
• Western Sahara, in Small Wars, Small Mercies, Harding Jeremy, Penguin Books, 1994, pp. 113-161.

1995

• The conflict in the Western Sahara, Joffe George, in Conflict in Africa, O. Furley, ed.Tauris Academic Studies/I.B. Tauris Publ., London; New York, 1995, pp. 110-133.
• The Non-Interventionary Norm Prevails: an Analysis of the Western Sahara, von Hippel Karin, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 33, 1, 1995, pp. 67-81.

1996

• Western Sahara - Peace derailed, Zunes Stephen, Current History, May 1996, p. 228.
• Self-Determination and Uti Possidetis: The Western Sahara and the "Lost Provinces", Joffe George, Morocco, The Journal of the Society for Moroccan Studies, 1, 1996, pp. 97-115.
• Quitting Western Sahara, Chopra Jarat, Geopolitics and International Boundaries, London, 1, 1, 1996, pp. 55-76.

1997

• The elusive quest for peace in the Western Sahara, Osman Khalil, Muslimedia International, Nr. 15, 5.6.1997.
• Western Sahara: Prospects for the Future, Intervention of Mr. Mohamed Salem Hadj-Embarek, Chargé d'Affaires of the SADR, Seminar on Africa-India Relations: Retrospect and Prospect, Nehru Memorial Museum, New Dehli, May 23, 1997, 5 p.
• The Sahrawi Republic SADR: towards a solution, Byword, New Dehli, vol. 25, no 5, May 1997, 40 p.
• Desert dawn. War and peace in Western Sahara, The New Internationalist, Hertford, UK, No. 297, December 1997.

1998

• Resolving the Western Sahara Conflict, Bolton John R., Congressional Defense and Foreign Policy Forum, held on Capitol Hill Washington D.C., 27.03.1998.
• «The United States and the Western Sahara Peace Process», Zunes Stephen, Middle East Policy, 5, 4, 1998, pp. 131-146.
• Western Sahara: the referendum that wasn't and the one that still might be, Ambassador Frank Ruddy, The Middle East Institute, June 19, 1998.
• K-Street vs. The Tribesman, Loewenberg Sam, Legal Times, Washington, Vol 21, No 9, Week of July 13 ,1998.
• «International Relations of the Western Sahara Conflict», Zoubir Yahia H., L'Ouest saharien / The Western Sahara, vol. 1, 1998, Etat des lieux et matériaux de recherche / Status of Studies and Research Materials, L'Harmattan, Paris, pp. 127-140.
• «Decolonizing Western Sahara», Chopra Jarat, ibid., 141-150.
• «Humanitarian Success, Political Failure», Bhatia Michael, Crosslines Global Report, Issue No. 33, Vol. 6, No. 1,September-October 1998, pp. 51-54.
• «Western Sahara: Will the cold war continue ?» Taggart Simon, Middle East International, 30.10.98, pp. 19-20.
• «Morocco and Western Sahara», Zunes Stephen, Foreign Policy In Focus, Vol. 3, No 42, December 1998.

1999

• Western Sahara: Africa's Last Colony, Leenders Reinoud, Searching for Peace in Africa, An Overview of Conflict Prevention and Management Activities, Monique Mekenkamp, Paul van Tongeren, Hans van de Veen editors, Utrecht 1999.
• Referendum in Western Sahara ?: No peace no war, Strategic Comments, International Institute of Strategic Studies (London), Issue 3, Vol. 5, April 1999.
• The Decolonisation Process in Western Sahara, Kamal Fadel, The Indigenous Law Bulletin, Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales, Australia, August/September 1999, Volume 4, issue 23.
• Interview granted by H.E. Mr. Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic and the Secretary General of the Polisario Front, The Indian Africanist Magazine, New Dehli, 23.10.99.
• Interview granted by H.E. Mr. Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic and Secretary General of the POLISARIO Front, Mainstream, New Delhi, India, 12.12.99.

2000

• «Western Sahara: a forgotten land», Gurr John, Peace News, December 1999 - February 2000, pp 28-29.
• «Sheikhs, Soldiers and Sand», Adekaye Adebajo, The World Today, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, vol 56, No 1, January 2000, pp 19-21.

2001

• Globalisation and People's Right to Self-Determination. Case of Western Sahara, Ahmed Mohamed Sidali, Submitted in Partial fulfilment of the requirement of the degree LLM (Human Rights and democratisation in Africa), University of Pretoria, Faculty of Law, Centre for Human Rights, 30.11.01, 57 p.
• The Implementation of the International Humanitarian Law and the Western Sahara Conflict, Ahmed Mohamed Sidali, research paper presented unter the internship program in the Regional Delegation of Southern Africa and Indian Ocean in Pretoria, South Africa, 14 p.

2002

• The Sahara Issue and the Stability of Morocco, Ángel Pérez González (Engl. translation), Real Instituto Elcano de Estudios Internacionales y Estratégicos, 12.11.02.
• The Western Sahara: A Case Study (Why is the United Nations Unable to Resolve Questions of Sovereignty when Powerful External Interests are at Stake?), John Carthy, BA, University of Portsmouth, School of Languages and Area Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, April 2002, 52 p.

2003

• Outline the key arguments regarding the territorial issue in the Western Sahara conflict, Irene Viola, SOAS, International Foundation Courses and English Language Studies, Pre-sessional Course, 12.09.03.
• Western Saharan Deadlock, Yahia H. Zoubir and Karima Benabdallah-Gambier, Middle East Report, 227, Summer 2003.
• "USA Big Oil and James Baker Target the Western Sahara", Wayne Madsen, CounterPunch, 08.01.03.

2004

• «The Sahara Conþict: Bilateralism or Sub-Regionalism?», Richard Gillespie, EuroMeSCo Papers, Paper 35: September 2004.
• «Briefing: Western Sahara: Road to Perdition?», Pablo San Martín, African Affairs, 2004, 103/413, pp. 651-660.
• «The European Union and Western Sahara», Jordi Vaquer i Fanes, European Foreign Affairs Review, vol. 9, no. 1, 2004, pp. 93-113.
• Endgame in the Western Sahara: What Future for Africa's Last Colony? Toby Shelley, Zed Books, 2004. More infos and special conditions for arso friends.
• Western Sahara: Towards Decolonisation, Dr. Uma Shankar Jha, Indian Africanist and President of the Association of Indian Africanist, 2004.
• Democratic Institution Building in the Context of a Liberation War: The Example of Western Sahara und the POLISARIO Front, Elisabeth Bäschlin, In: Barlow, Max/ Wastl-Walter, Doris (eds.): New Challenges in Local and Regional Administration. Ashgate, Aldershot UK: 137-153, Jan. 2004.

2005

• Western Sahara, The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, D.C., USA, Nov. 2005.
• Burden or benefit? Morocco in the Western Sahara. Text of a lecture given at the Middle East Studies Centre, Oxford University, by Toby Shelley, February 18, 2005.

 
Français

LA QUESTION DU SAHARA OCCIDENTAL

1984

• Fondements juridiques et institutionnels de la République arabe sahraouie démocratique, Actes du Colloque international de juristes tenu à l'Assemblée nationale, Paris, les 20 et 21 octobre 1984, L'Harmattan, 1984, 160 p.

1987

• Sahara occidental: Origines et enjeux d'une guerre du désert, Hodges Tony, trad. D. Kugler, L'Harmattan, 5-7, rue de l'Ecole-Polytechnique, F-75005 Paris, 1987, 512 p.

1992

• Don Quichotte en Afrique. Voyages à la fin de l'empire espagnol, Pélissier René, édition René Pélissier, Montamets, F-78630 Orgeval, 1992, 176 p.

1993

• Les populations du Sahara occidental. Histoire, vie et culture, Gaudio Attilio, Karthala, 22-24. bd. Arago, F-75013 Paris, 1993, 359 p.

1994

• Désert brisé: les frontières du Sahara occidental, Caratini Sophie, Passerelles, Thionville, No 8+9, automne 1994, p. 34-41.
• La question sahraouie, Boilley Pierre, Relations internationales et stratégiques, IRIS/Université Paris-Nord, no 13, 1994, p. 31-38.

1998

• Les Sahraouis, Sayeh Ismaïl, préface de Ahmed Baba Miské, épilogue de Martine de Froberville, L'Harmattan, Paris, 1998, 240 p.

1999

• Sahara occidental ou Sahara marocain ? To be or not to be independent..., Adrian Coull, Mémoire de licence de géographie, Université de Genève, directeur Prof. Ural Ayberk, 1999, 51 p.

2000

• Les Sahraouis. Colères et espoirs, Wim de Neuter et Hilt Teuwen, photos Tineke D'haese, Centre National de Coopération au Développement et Oxfam-Solidarité, Bruxelles, en collaboration avec le Comité belge de soutien au peuple sahraoui, mai 2000, 44 p.
• Le Front Polisario et le Sahara occidental: un modernisme absolu, plusieurs auteurs, Mamba, No 3, juillet 2000, pp. 8-42 (221, rue Gabriel-Péri, F-94400 Vitry-sur-Seine).

2001

• Genèse politique de la société sahraouie, Ali Omar Yara, L'Ouest saharien, Hors série No 1, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2001, 234 p.
• Les alliés, les ennemis : un conflit qui dépasse l'intransigeance marocaine, contribution de Thomas de Saint Maurice, politologue, séminaire "Sahara Occidental - Un peuple oublié, une lutte ensablée", Oxfam-Maison Internationale, Bruxelles, 11.01.01.

2002

• La question du Sahara et la stabilité du Maroc, Ángel Pérez González, Institut royal Elcano d'études internationales et stratégiques, 12.11.02 (trad. par M. de Froberville)

2003

• La Mauritanie et le conflit au Sahara Occidental, Hafdallah Bouchraya Bachir, chercheur au Centre des Recherches Africaines, La Sorbonne - Paris, Alhayat 21.02.03, p. 10 (PDF).
• L'Insurrection sahraouie, De la guerre à l'Etat, 1973-2003, Ali Omar Yara, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2003, 182 p.
• La République des sables, Anthropologie d'une Révolution, Sophie Caratini, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2003, 266 p.

2004

• La question du Sahara occidental : une approche sociologique, Keltoum Irbah, thèse de doctorat ès sciences économiques et sociales, mention sociologie, Université de Genève, 09.07.04
• afkar/idées, Madrid/Barcelone, Sommaire du No 4, automne 2004 :
  • Nouvel élan diplomatique au Sahara, Miguel H. de Larramendi et Bernabé López.
  • Maroc et Sahara : pour une solution politique, Mustapha Sehimi
  • Algérie : le plan Baker est toujours en vigueur, Manuel Ostos
  • La position sahraouie, Entretiens avec Gaymoula Ebbi et Ibrahim Noumria
  • Les silences d'une périlleuse politique d'équilibre, Laurent Pointier
  • Une solution reposant sur le consensus, Entretien avec Vicenç Fisas

Castellano 

EL ASUNTO DEL SAHARA OCCIDENTAL

1988

• Historia del Sahara Español: La verdad de una traición, Diego Aguirre José Ramon, Kaydeda Ed., Martires Concepcionistas, 13, 3o, E-28020 Madrid, 1988, 880 p.

1989

• A proposito del Sáhara Occidental: testimonios de los Canarios que allí residieron durante el periodo colonial, Nicoletta Gandolfi, Oriente Moderno, nº 7-12, julio a diciembre 1989, traduction par Fernando Guijarro Arcas de A proposito del Sahara Occidentale: testimonianze dei Canari residenti durante il periodo coloniale, Nicoletta Gandolfi, Oriente moderno, VIII (LXIX), N°7-12 (luglio-dic.1989), pp. 161-186.

1991

• Guerra en el Sáhara, Diego Aguirre José Ramon, Ed. Istmo, Madrid, 1991, 386 p.

1992

• Del Sahara espanol a la Republica saharaui, Un siglo de lucha, Gomez Emiliano, préface de Hector Gros Espiell, Instituto del Tercer Mundo, Montevideo, Uruguay, 1992, 268 p.

1995

• Por una paz justa, Sahara, 20 años bastan, A. de Amig@s del Sahara de Asturias, A. para la Cooperació y el Desarrollo con los Paises del Magreb, Junta General del Principado de Asturias, 1995, 259 p.
• Sahara hoy, dirección, coordinación y diseño Melián Hernández Octavio, edición M.I. Ayuntamiento de Telde, 1995, 200 p., ill.

1997

• La distancia de cuatro dedos. En la guerra del Sahara con el Polisario, Guijarro Arcas Fernando, Prologo de Manuel Vasquez Montalban, Flor del Viento, Barcelona, 1997, 491 p.
• Luali, "Ahora o nunca, la libertad", Briones Felipe, M. Liman Mohamed Ali, Mahayub Salek, fotos de Luis Bonete Piqueras, prólogo de Ahmed Baba Miské, Publ. de la Universidad de Alicante, 1997, 291 p.
• Sahara, El proceso de autodeterminacion, As. de Amig@s de la RASD de Euskadi, Vitoria, sept. 1997, 36 p.

1998

• El Sahara Occidental: la deuda pendiente de la comunidad internacional, Soroeta Liceras Juan, Meridiano CERI (revista del Centro Español de Relaciones Internacionales), numero 19, febrero 1998, pp. 20-24.
• Territorio ocupado, Unha intensa cronica humana, entre o periodismo e a literatura, sobre o conflicto saharaui, Alonso Fran, fotografias de Manuel G. Vicente, edicions Xerais de Galicia, Vigo, 1998, 279 p., ill..

1999

• «Nacionalidad, igualdad y descolonización. Comentario a la STS (Sala 1ª) de 28 de octubre de 1998», Ruiz Miguel Carlos, Revista Española de Derecho Constitucional, 56, 999, pp. 251-278.
• «Nacionalidad española de ciudadanos saharauis: secuela de una descolonización frustrada (y frustrante)», Ruiz Miguel Carlos, Revista General de Derecho, 663,1999, pp. 14235-14245.

2001

• El mejor y el peor de los mundos. Historias del Sahara, Alejandro Garcia, Ed. Los Libros de la Catarata, Madrid, 2001, 352 p.

2002

• La historia prohibida del Sáhara Español, Tomás Barbulo, Barcelona : Destino, 2002.- 346 p.- (Imago mundi ; 21).

2003

• El conflicto del Sáhara, Fernando M. Mariño Menéndez, Ignacio Puentes Cobo, Instituto de Estudios Internacionales y Europeos "Francisco de Vitoria", Escuela de Guerra del Ejercito, coord., Getafe: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 09/2003, 100 p.
• El conflicto del Sahara Occidental, desde una perspectiva canaria, José Ignacio Algueró Cuervo, Gobierno de Canarias, Tenerife, 2003, 550 p.

2004

• Las dimensiones internacionales del conflicto del Sahara Ocicdental y sus repercusiones para una alternativa marroqui, Ahmed Boukhari, Real Instituto Elcano, 19.04.04.
• El Sáhara Ocidental en las dinámicas internas intra-Maghrebíes, Haizam Amirah Fernández, Real Instituto Elcano, Madrid, 19.11.04.
• Afkar/ideas, No 4, otono 2004, Sumario
  • Nuevo impulso diplomático en el Sáhara, Miguel H. de Larramendi y Bernabé López.
  • Marruecos y el Sáhara: por una solución política, Mustapha Sehimi
  • Argelia: el plan Baker sigue vigente, Manuel Ostos
  • La posición saharaui, Entrevistas a Gaymula Ebbi e Ibrahim Numria
  • Los silencios de una peligrosa política de equilibrio, Laurent Pointier
  • Una solución a partir del consenso, Entrevista a Vicenç Fisas
• Los hijos de la nube, Claudia Barona, editado por Cuadernos de Langre, Madrid, 2004, 369 p.

Català

• Sàhara al cor, Salvador Pallarès-GarÌ et Paula Caneet Castellà, 7 i Mig, Alzira (València), 1999.
• La Pau al Sahara, Andreu Sola, Projecte de Recerca, Escola de Cultura de pau, Catedra UNESCO sobre Pau i Drets Humans, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 2001.
• El Sàhara Occidental, Historia i actualitat d'un poble, Tomas Callau, Ed. Llibres de l'Index, Barcelona, 2004.

Deutsch

• Wind, Sand und (Mercedes-) Sterne, Westsahara: Der vergessene Kampf für die Freiheit, Roessel Karl, Horlemann, Lohfelderstr. 14, D-5340 Bad Honnef, 1991, 413 p.
• «Die "Demokratische Arabische Republik Sahara"», Eilers Rolf, Pogrom, No 177, GFBV, Postfach 2024, D-37010 Goettingen, 1994, p. 20-23.
• «Zur Geschichte der Frente Polisario», Steinbrink Christoph, INAMO, Berlin, Nr. 7, Herbst 96, p. 29-33.
• Krankenschwestern reflektieren ihren Einsatz an UNO-Missionen der Schweizer Armee, Huessy G. und Sievert K.-G., Psycholog. Institut der Universitaet Zuerich, Abt. Angewandte Psychologie (Prof. Dr. F. Stoll), Januar 1997, 137 p.
• «Endlich Frieden für die Westsahara?», Chopra Jarat , der Überblick, Hamburg, 4/97, S. 56-60.
• «Westsahara - zwischen Krieg, aufholender oder nachhaltiger Entwicklung», Goldau Axel, ibid., pp. 18-20.
• Westsahara, Never ending story, Axel Goldau, INAMO, 39. 2004 [PDF]
• Flucht in die Wueste, Westsahara Dossier, 3 Teile, Meike Scholz, Deutsche Welle, 17.06.05
  • Sahauris sind seit 30 Jahren auf der Flucht. Von der internationalen Gemeinschaft vergessen leben die Sahauris, eine Volksgruppe aus der Westsahara, seit 30 Jahren in Hunger und Not in Flüchtlingslagern in der Wüste. (17.6.2005)
  • Wenn Krieg die letzte Chance ist. 15 Jahre Waffenstillstand sind zermürbend. Denn Frieden ist etwas anderes als das unmenschliche Lagerleben der Sahauris. Viel haben sie nicht zu verlieren und spielen deshalb mit dem Feuer. (17.6.2005)
  • Die Zukunft der Flüchtlinge von Smara. Sie haben das Flüchtlingsdasein geerbt. Die Kinder im Flüchtlingslager Smara. Das Gymnasium ist ihre Hoffnung auf ein Leben in Selbstständigkeit. Andere haben sie längst aufgegeben. (17.6.2005).

Italiano

• Il Sahara Occidentale. La controversia sahraui-marocchina nell'ultimo decennio, Mari Adriana, tesi di laurea in storia dei paesi afro-asiatici, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, A. A. 1990/91.
• «Il modello costituzionale sahrawi», Bozzo Anna, Oriente moderno, Nuova serie, Anno X, 1991, N. 1-6, pp. 163-184.
• Il Sahara occidentale nel triangolo Algeri-Rabat-Nouakchott, Fusco Nadia Angela, tesi di laurea in geografia, politica e economia, Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza", facoltà di scienze politiche, 1994, 321 p.
• Il Sahara occidentale e la RASD, Porta Simona, Tesi di Laurea, Universita cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano, ott. 1995.
• «Dossier Sahara Occidentale», Terra per un popolo, Ardesi Luciano e Giulia Fumagalli, Nigrizia, I-Verona, n. 9, sept. 1996, p. 31-46.
• La condizione giuridica del Sahara Occidentale nel diritto internazionale, Bulgarelli Stefania, tesi di laurea in Diritto Internazionale, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Facoltà di Giurisprudenza, A. A. 1996/7, 85 p.
• Sahara Occidentale, Grippi Silvana, Edizioni D.E.A., Firenze, 1996, 159 p., ill.
• L'odissea del popolo sahraui, Mancinelli Elvio, ed. dell'Arco, 1998, 104 p., 7 ill., 1 carte.
• RASD. The history through its symbols and its people. La historia en los simbolos y en las personas. La storia nei simboli e nelle persone, Associazione di solidarieta con il popolo saharawi Ban Slout Larbi, Sesto Fiorentino, 1998.
• Rabat nicchia (da 25 anni), Ardesi Luciano, Nigrizia, Italie, marzo 1999.
• Sahara Occidentale, appunti di viaggio, Olmi Giulia, Ed. Associate, 1999.
• "O la patria o il martirio": la coscienza nazionale saharawi dalla jihad al Fronte Polisario, tesi di Alessandro Rabbiosi, Facoltà di Scienze Politiche "Cesare Alfieri" dell'Ateneo di Firenze, 08.10.99.
• Marocco, alle soglie di un nuovo regno, Correale Francesco, Afriche e Orienti, No 3, 1999.
• «Il Marocco sugli scogli della democrazia. Riflessioni su un'instabilità annunciata», Francesco Correale, Afriche e Orienti, n° 3-4, 2003, pp. 177-184.
• Sahara Occidentale. Una scelta di libertà, Luciano Ardesi, Fotografie di Nobuko Mizujiri, EMI, Bologna, 2004, 128 p.
• Diario del Polisario, Jean Lamore, Il Manifesto, Roma, 2004 (nouvelle édition), Introduction de Luciano Ardesi, contributions de Ahmed-Baba Miské et Ali Omar Yara.
• Minacce contro i diritti del lavoro nel Sahara Occidentale su occupazione marochina. (2004)

Swedish

• «Västsahara - avkolonisering med förhinder» (Western Sahara - decolonalisation with obstacles), Claes Olsson, Global Publications Foundation, Sweden, 2002, 24 p.
• Västsahara - Afrikas sista koloni (new revised edition) by Lena Thunberg, 2004, 92 p.

Arabe

• El pueblo saharaui, historia de una lucha, Muhamad 'ismat Bakr, Ninawa, Damas, 2004. arabe
• Sáhara Occidental 1975-2005: Cambio de variables de un conflicto estancado, Carlos Ruiz Miguel, Real Instituto Elcano, 30.03.05, version en arabe [doc word]